机械损伤及埋土深度对杉木萌蘖及抗氧化酶活性的影响

  目的  研究分析机械损伤处理下杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata无性系萌蘖能力与抗氧化酶活性的相关关系，从酶活性代谢生理角度阐述杉木萌蘖机制，为解决杉木无性系萌蘖问题提供理论依据。  方法  以杉木无性系洋020的1年生扦插苗为材料，通过盆栽试验，设置去顶和未去顶处理，0、3、6 cm埋土深度处理，在萌蘖初期、中期、后期分别取样，观测无性系萌蘖状况，通过酶活吸光度方法测定杉木无性系萌蘖过程中枝叶、基部韧皮部、根尖等不同器官超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性差异，并进行相关性分析。  结果  随着埋土深度的增加，去顶和未去顶不同埋土深度杉木无性系苗萌蘖能力均呈降低的趋势，且不同埋土深度处理会影响植物的抗氧化酶的活性。随着埋土深度的增加，杉木幼苗枝叶SOD活性呈上升趋势，CAT活性呈下降趋势；埋土6 cm处理有利于增强枝叶及根尖POD的活性。  结论  机械损伤和不同埋土深度对杉木无性萌蘖有一定的影响；同一埋土深度，去顶处理杉木无性系的萌蘖能力高于未去顶处理。不同器官植物抗氧化酶活性是影响杉木无性系机械损伤和不同埋土深度处理萌蘖的主要影响因子之一。图3表3参18     

硫酸锰溶液处理对玉米种子抗氧化酶活性的影响

Two kinds of corn were used as materials,changes of SOD,CAT,POD and MDA Contents after Germination of maize seeds in five different concentrations of manganese sulphate were studied.The results show that the content of MDA was significantly different among different varieties,difference was very significant compared with control.The activities of antioxidant enzymes of HuangJinNuo 1 first increased then decreased after treated with manganese sulfate,while that of YinLong BaiYuNou continuous elevation,the resistance of Maize after manganese sulphate increased during germination.     

单叶刺槐半同胞子代叶片的滞尘能力及叶表SEM特征分析

以单叶刺槐母本(A1-1)及6个叶形产生明显变异的半同胞子代无性系(A20-5、B24-3、C24-2、B23-1、C24-1、C23-1)新鲜叶片为材料,测定各样本的单位叶面积总颗粒物滞留量、颗粒物粒径分析及叶表微观结构SEM特征,通过相关性分析,筛选与滞尘能力相关的叶形及SEM指标,运用隶属函数法,依据各样本滞尘指标的隶属度均值对滞尘能力进行综合评价。结果表明:子代B23-1对空气中总颗粒物的滞留能力最强,C24-1对PM2.5的滞留能力最强,A20-5对PM2.5-10及PM>10的滞留能力最强;部分叶形及SEM特征指标与滞尘指标之间存在显著相关性;综合评价滞尘能力,全部样本可分为4类,第Ⅰ类为B23-1,滞尘能力强;第Ⅱ类为C24-1,滞尘能力较强;第Ⅲ类包括母本、A20-5、C23-1、C24-2,滞尘能力中等;第Ⅳ类为B24-3,滞尘能力相对较差。     

Characterization of Spray-Dried Hydrolyzed Proteins from Pink Perch Meat Added with Maltodextrin and Gum Arabic

In the present study, spray-dried pink perch meat protein hydrolysate (PPH) and hydrolysate with maltodextrin and gum arabic (PPHMG) were characterized in relation to their physical, rheological, functional, antioxidant, thermal, and sensory properties. The Herschel–Bulkley model was suitable to explain the flow behavior of PPH and PPHMG emulsions. Both the samples exhibited functional and antioxidant properties. Antioxidant activities were significantly higher for PPH compared with PPHMG (p<0.05). PPH and PPHMG alone did not exhibit antimicrobial activity but enhanced the activity of chitosan against pathogens. Sensory acceptability of the samples in soup revealed that PPHMG of up to 4% was highly scored without any traces of bitterness, whereas for PPH, a concentration of up to 3% was acceptable.     

Oxidative Stability of Common Kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris caspia) Oil Supplemented with Microwave Extracted Ghure (Unripe Grape) Marc Extract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of microwave extracted Ghure (unripe grape) marc extract on common kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris caspia) oil oxidation during accelerated storage. The antioxidant activity of Ghure marc extract was compared with those of α-tocopherol and BHT. The Ghure marc extract significantly reduced the peroxide and p-anisidine value of kilka oil. Even though the effect of Ghure marc extract on reducing the oxidation of kilka oil was similar to the effect of BHT, it was functionally more effective than α-tocopherol. Generally, Ghure marc extract could be considered as a potential source of natural antioxidants, with inexpensive costs, for improving the oxidative stability of kilka oil.

Abbreviations: AA, Antioxidant activity; AOP, Antioxidant power; AV, p-Anisidine value; CUPRAC, Cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity; DHA, Docosahexaenoic acid; EPA, Eicosapentaenoic acid; FIC, Ferrous ion chelating; GME, Ghure marc extract; FRAP, Ferrous ion reducing antioxidant power; KO, Kilka oil; IP, Induction period; MAE, Microwave-assisted extraction; MUFA, Monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA, Polyunsaturated fatty acid; PV, peroxide value; PF, Protection factor; RSA, Radical scavenging activity; SFA, Saturated fatty acids; TFC, Total flavonoid content; TPC, total phenolic content TV, totox value.     

Carrying capacity for finfish aquaculture. Part I—Near-field semi-analytic solutions

The ecosystem carrying capacity for aquaculture cage farming in South Australia is based on guidelines that the maximum feed rates (and farmed fish biomass) be determined such that the concentration c of a given dissolved nutrient does not exceed a prescribed value (say c_P). The problem then is one of relating the nutrient flux F, due to feeding, to the tracer concentration c. To this end the evolution of concentration is modelled using the depth-averaged advection–diffusion equation for a constant source flux F over a finite area cage (or lease) and for both constant and time dependent (tidal) velocities. The divergence theorem is applied to this equation to obtain a new scale estimate of the relation between the flux F and the maximum concentration c_max of a nutrient in the cage region: c_max ≈ F·T*, where T* is a time scale of cage “flushing” that involves both advection and diffusion. The maximum allowed nutrient flux F (and carrying capacity of fish biomass) can then be simply estimated from: F ≈ c_P/T*. New semi-analytic solutions of the advection–diffusion equation for a finite (cage) source are then derived to explore the physics of concentration evolution for constant and tidally varying currents, and to show that the estimate c_max ≈ F·T* is surprisingly robust and generally within 40% of the exact values for a wide set of advective/diffusive parameters. The results generally should find application in other finite source flux problems in the coastal oceans including desalination plants and waste water outfalls.     

Antioxidant,anti-amylase and anti-glycation potential of brans of some Sri Lankan traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

Brans of 23 traditional and 12 improved (both red and white) rice varieties in Sri Lanka were screened for anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities in vitro. Varieties which showed the highest inhibitory activities at screening were further investigated for anti-glucosidase and glycation reversing as anti-diabetic properties. The same varieties were studied for selected antioxidant properties. Significantly high anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities were observed for bran extracts of red varieties compared to white varieties at screening. Traditional red rice varieties, Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti, exhibited significant and dose dependent anti-amylase, anti-glycation and glycation reversing activities. These varieties also showed marked antioxidant properties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan traditional red rice varieties Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti may be potential food supplements for diabetes.     

小麦饲料中添加木聚糖酶对高原型藏羊胃肠道发育的影响

旨在分析小麦粉中添加木聚糖酶(xylanase, Xyl)对藏羊羔羊胃肠道发育的影响。选择同质性良好的2～3月龄高原型藏羊公羔60只,随机分为两组,每组30只,各组内设置5个重复。对照组(Control group)饲喂不含木聚糖酶的日粮,试验组(Test group)饲喂含0.2%木聚糖酶的日粮,试验分为预饲期10 d和正试期90 d。饲养试验结束时,两组各随机选取5只羔羊进行屠宰,采集消化道组织置于多聚甲醛固定,并收集血液、瘤胃和空肠内容物。结果显示：1)与对照组相比,试验组瘤胃的角质层厚度、颗粒层厚度,瓣胃的乳头长度、乳头宽度、角质层厚度、颗粒层厚度,皱胃的黏膜厚度以及十二指肠的肌层厚度,空肠的绒毛高度、黏膜厚度,回肠的肌层厚度显著提高(P<0.05);2)对照组瘤胃和血清的LPS含量显著高于试验组(P<0.05);3)相较于对照组,试验组瘤胃的糜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性以及空肠的糜蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶活性显著提高(P<0.05);4)试验组瘤胃的总抗氧化能力水平、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶及过氧化氢酶活性以及空肠的总抗氧化能力水平、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶...     

饲粮添加过瘤胃半胱氨酸对育成期梅花鹿生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加过瘤胃半胱氨酸对育成期梅花鹿生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响。采用单因素随机区组试验设计,将12头7月龄雄性梅花鹿仔鹿分为4组(每组3个重复,每个重复1只),组间体重差异不显著。对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂额外添加1.25(Ⅱ组)、2.50(Ⅲ组)和5.00 g·kg^-1(Ⅳ组)过瘤胃半胱氨酸(有效成分51.70%)的试验饲粮。试验预饲期15 d,正试期112 d。结果表明,1)与Ⅰ组相比,添加过瘤胃半胱氨酸Ⅲ组总增重和平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅲ组料重比显著降低(P<0.05);2)与Ⅰ组相比,添加过瘤胃半胱氨酸各组粗蛋白质、钙和磷表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅲ组干物质和有机物表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05);3)与Ⅰ组相比,添加过瘤胃半胱氨酸Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组甘氨酸表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),各组半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸、丝氨酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、精氨酸、苯丙氨酸、组氨酸、天冬氨酸、酪氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸和脯氨酸表观消化率显著提高(P<0...     

棕榈粕替代部分玉米对藏羊母羊小肠形态发育、消化酶活性及抗氧化功能的影响

试验旨在探究精料补充料中使用不同比例棕榈粕替代玉米对藏羊母羊肠道组织形态学、消化酶活性、pH、脂多糖以及抗氧化能力的影响。选取初始体重相近且健康的2～3月龄高原型藏羊母羊120只,随机分为4组,每组30只,每组6个重复,每个重复5只母羊,分别饲喂0%、15%、18%和21%水平的棕榈粕替代精料中玉米。试验期97d。结果显示：1)0%组与15%组间小肠各段的绒毛高度、绒毛宽度、隐窝深度、黏膜厚度以及绒毛高度/隐窝深度差异均不显著（P>0.05）;2)0%组空肠的α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶及糜蛋白酶显著或极显著小于15%组（P<0.05或P<0.01）;3)0%组空肠的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性显著低于15%组与18%组（P<0.05）,相较于21%组差异不显著（P>0.05）;4)18%组与21%组空肠的脂多糖含量显著或极显著高于0%组（P<0.05或P<0.01）,与15%组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）。由此可见,棕榈粕可替代部分玉米饲喂藏羊母羊,推荐替代玉米的比例为15%。